While each of Amazon, USPS, FedEx, and UPS are implementing peak surcharges for parcel delivery this holiday season, they’re all going about it in different ways.

Amazon, relatively new to the surcharge game, has added flat percentage fee increases to key services throughout the year. For peak, though, they have a sliding scale that will predictably hit bigger packages with bigger cost increases. Their peak surcharge will be added on top of the existing fuel and inflation surcharge they put into effect this summer, further squeezing seller margins.

Similar to Amazon, USPS will be using a sliding scale that increases the surcharge based on the parcel’s weight and zone. Flat Rate Boxes and Envelopes will see big jumps of $0.75 to $0.95, which will pinch the sellers that rely on these shipping options to keep their logistics costs down while selling inexpensive items.

FedEx, on the other hand, has more flat fees to add as surcharges, including a $2.50 per Ground Economy package charge during Black Friday and Cyber Monday. On top of that, they’ve introduced a “peaking factor” calculation to apply to their largest shippers. The more large shippers outstrip their summer volumes during peak, the more they’ll pay per package.

Like FedEx, UPS will use a dynamic pricing scale that will charge large shippers more when they far outstrip their summer volumes. Unlike FedEx (and the others), though, UPS won’t add a flat surcharge to all packages.

Let’s get into the details.

Amazon FBA Peak Surcharges 2022

On August 16th, Amazon announced that for the first time ever, they will implement a Holiday Peak Fulfillment Fee to take effect from October 15th, 2022 to January 14th, 2023. Per Amazon, The fee will be an average of USD $0.35 per item sold using US and Canada FBA.” Even in isolation, a 35 cent increase in order fulfillment fees can be difficult for sellers to absorb. Considering the enormous pressure that inflation is already putting on sellers and other FBA price increases, this could be the straw that breaks the camel’s back.

At an average of another 35 cents on top of the other increases, there are few, if any, items that haven’t shot up over a dollar in cost to fulfill through FBA this year. When you consider that many smaller items only cost $3 or $4 to fulfill through FBA, that’s a staggering 25%+ increase in one of the most important operational costs in one year. Sellers with small, $10 items have now likely seen over 10% more of their revenue disappear in FBA fees in just over half a year.

To add to FBA seller woes, storage costs for FBA will nearly triple from $0.83 to $2.40 per cb. ft. While this has long been Amazon’s policy and thus is expected, it doesn’t hurt margins any less.

USPS Peak Surcharges 2022

USPS announced their rate adjustments for the 2022 peak holiday season on August 10th, covering both commercial and retail parcels in most classes: Priority Mail Express, Priority Mail, First-Class Package Service, Parcel Select, and USPS Retail Ground. The surcharges are set to go into effect on October 2nd, 2022, and to last until January 22nd, 2023.

There are some notably large increases in prices among the surcharges – for instance, Commercial Priority Mail and Priority Mail Express Flat Rate Boxes and Envelopes will rise by $0.75 each, while their Retail counterparts will increase by $0.95 each. Here’s a full list of increases for their most popular services:

Priority Mail and Priority Mail Express Rate Adjustments:

• Commercial:
  • $0.75 increase for PM and PME Flat Rate Boxes and Envelopes.
  • $0.25 increase for Zones 1-4, 0-10 lbs.
  • $0.80 increase for Zones 5-9, 0-10 lbs.
  • $0.75 increase for Zones 1-4, 11-25 lbs.
  • $2.80 increase for Zones 5-9, 11-25 lbs.
  • $3.00 increase for Zones 1-4, 26-70 lbs.
  • $6.50 increase for Zones 5-9, 26-70 lbs.
• Retail:
  • $0.95 increase for PM and PME Flat Rate Boxes and Envelopes.
  • $0.30 increase for Zones 1-4, 0-10 lbs.
  • $1.00 increase for Zones 5-9, 0-10 lbs.
  • $0.95 increase for Zones 1-4, 11-25 lbs.
  • $3.20 increase for Zones 5-9, 11-25 lbs.
  • $3.25 increase for Zones 1-4, 26-70 lbs.
  • $6.45 increase for Zones 5-9, 26-70 lbs.

First-Class Package Service, Parcel Select Ground, and USPS Retail Ground:

• Commercial:
  • $0.25 increase for Zones 1-4, 0-10 lbs.
  • $0.40 increase for Zones 5-9, 0-10 lbs.
  • $0.75 increase for Zones 1-4, 11-25 lbs.
  • $1.60 increase for Zones 5-9, 11-25 lbs.
  • $3.00 increase for Zones 1-4, 26-70 lbs.
  • $5.50 increase for Zones 5-9, 26-70 lbs.
• Retail:
  • $0.30 increase for Zones 1-4, 0-10 lbs.
  • $0.60 increase for Zones 5-9, 0-10 lbs.
  • $0.95 increase for Zones 1-4, 11-25 lbs.
  • $2.70 increase for Zones 5-9, 11-25 lbs.
  • $3.25 increase for Zones 1-4, 26-70 lbs.
  • $5.85 increase for Zones 5-9, 26-70 lbs.

FedEx Peak Surcharges 2022

Unlike USPS, FedEx’s peak surcharges will kick in much earlier, in September. They are taking a much more granular approach to surcharges and fees that split out many different ways in which they’ll increase cost, and those cost increases will vary based on the particular date in peak. Not only will they vary by the particular date, but they’ll also vary by a new “peaking factor” that FedEx will use to dynamically charge more to the sellers that have the biggest spikes in sales. The better you do, the worse your margin will become.

Source: FedEx.com

FedEx’s basic surcharges will start with an additional $1.50 per package for Ground Economy services, in effect during November and from mid-December to mid-January. During the most busy time of Black Friday and Cyber Monday, that surcharge will jump up to an even higher $2.50 per package.

The “peaking factor” charge will be added on top of that, and it will be in effect from October 31st to January 15th. Thankfully for SMBs, it will only apply to enterprise customers that ship more than 20,000 Ground Economy packages per week, but it’s important to keep an eye on for the future regardless. What starts as a limited surcharge often spreads to apply to more people in subsequent years. The peaking factor will be calculated based on the ratio of volume shipped during peak as compared to an average to volume shipped during the relatively sleepy summer weeks of June 6th, 2022 – July 3rd, 2022. A seller that doubles their volume during peak will pay an extra $2.50 per Ground package and an extra $3.50 per Express on top of the previously mentioned surcharges. Quadruple your volume, and you’ll pay an extra $6.00 for Ground and $7.00 for Express, eating heavily into your margin.

UPS Peak Surcharges 2022

Finally, UPS shared their plans for peak surcharges in their September 9th update. Compared to USPS and FedEx, their surcharges are limited in scope and will affect fewer sellers. They have a range of surcharges that cover most international shipments, while their domestic surcharges will operate largely in the same way that FedEx’s “peaking factor” will work.

It will only apply to sellers that have been billed for more than 20,000 packages during any week since October 2021, and the surcharge will vary based on the type of service and the extent to which the seller’s peak volume outstrips their “Baseline Volume”. The baseline volume will be calculated as the customer’s average weekly volume for June 2022.

Source: UPS

UPS’s surcharges come out at a very similar level to FedEx’s peaking surcharges – for instance, a seller that doubles their baseline volume and uses UPS Ground Residential will pay $2.50 more per package, while Next Day Air Residential will cost $3.50 extra per package. Those numbers are identical to those of FedEx, as are many of the other surcharges.

UPS’s international surcharges will add cost in a linear fashion based on package weight. For instance, international shipments from the US to Europe will cost $0.15 per lb more via UPS Worldwide Express Plus. Most of their international surcharges are going into effect on September 25th, and notably, they haven’t provided an end date to the rate increases.

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